Symbolism in a Life Journey Essay Example for Free

Symbolism in a Life Journey Essay In the two short stories, â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty and† I Used to Live Here Once† by Jean Rhys, Symbolism within their Journey is used to describe an experience in life. The two authors use very similar methods to tell their story as well as journeys through their life. They were both written in third person point of view, and focus on the journey of a woman. â€Å"A Worn Path† and â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† both involve a main character, in both it is a woman, and other characters along with symbols and setting that help draw out traits of the main character and add meaning to the theme as their journey unfolds. While â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† is about someone past death already, â€Å"A Worn Path† is similar in that Phoenix is fighting old age and death. A motif will also describe two opposing forces; the battle between good and evil. The writing styles of Eudora Welty and Jean Rhys will be compared to one another in order to take a closer look at what methods and styles were used to convey meaning in their stories. Basic information about the two authors will also be covered in order to give some back ground to each story. The back ground of an author can give a reader an idea about what they may have been seeing, or experiencing in life when they wrote the story. Eudora Welty was born on April 13, 1909 in Jackson, Mississippi. Welty went to multiple Universities such as Mississippi College for Women and the University of Wisconsin where she studied English Literature. She also studied advertising at Columbia University in New York. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and was the first living author to have her work published with the Library of America. She was also a Pulitzer Prize-winning author, on top of won Guggenheim Fellowships. (MDAH, 2003). Her short story, â€Å"A Worn Path† was published in 1941 and was known and one of her greatest works. â€Å"A Worn Path† is a short story involving an elderly black woman, Phoenix Jackson, and her journey through the woods to get medicine for her sick grandson. Her grandson had swallowed lye a few years prior. The author uses setting and character to give the reader an understanding of the story. Throughout her journey she experiences many obstacles that may deter her from continuing on her journey into town. Phoenix’s sacrificial love shines, when she faces these with bravery and wisdom and continues on her way. In the story â€Å"A Worn Path† Phoenix is one that endures many challenges. She is a symbol of perseverance, stamina, and life when faced with hardship and struggle. The story has a mythological tone to it. A Phoenix is an sacred Egyptian bird that symbolizes resurrection. A Phoenix is also a symbol for great longevity, and rebirth (Ferber, 1999). According to Ferber, â€Å"It can [also] symbolize the death and resurrection of Christ or of a Christian soul. cited in Ferber, 1999). Phoenix, according to our text, symbolizes renewal; and her blue aged eyes, age symbolizes peacefulness. (cited in Clugston, 2010). The story is set during the Christmas season and has some Christian symbolism as well. Her selfless devotion to her grandson can be interpreted as representing the true spirit of giving and sacrificial love. Christmas is the â€Å"birth† of the sun ou t of darkness (Ferber, 1999). Similar to Phoenix, Christmas is a symbol for birth, the birth of Christ. Within â€Å"A Worn Path† there is also a lot of symbols for death. When Phoenix makes it through the barbed-wire, she feels safe, but ironically is surrounded by symbols of death; â€Å"Big dead trees, like black men with one arm. † (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"A Worn Path†, paragraph 16). She also sees a buzzard, which a symbol of death (buzzards, eats the dead). As she continues along her journey, she passes through dead corn, and even believes to see a ghost. Phoenix responds, who be you the ghost of? For I have heard of nary death close by. (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"A Worn Path†, paragraph 23). Many of the symbols throughout the story can be obvious, but many are not. Not only Phoenix being an elder lady, but many other things points to Phoenix living through slavery. One example is the symbolism of the marble cake. After she crosses the creek and sits down, she notices a boy who looks to be offering her a slice of marble-cake on a plate. However, when Phoenix reached for the cake, she realized she was just grabbing at the air. The marble-cake could be a symbol of a future with no racism because of the two colors swirled together within the cake: black and white. In her old age she is also in touch with nature. There are many times she talks to the animals. She yells out, â€Å"Out of my way all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and whild animal! Keep out from under these feet, little bob-whites. Keep the bi wild hogs out of my path. Don’t let none of those come running my direction . I got a long way. † (cited in Clugston, 2010). The elderly Phoenix Jackson has a great amount of love for her grandson. The story emphasizes her devotion and love to the little boy because she never stopped or turned around when faced with a problem. Many points throughout her journey, she stops and speaks to herself in short bursts on monologue, almost as a pep talk to herself. One conflict Phoenix encounters is after falling into a ditch, a hunter helps her out, while his dog chases the other dog off. When the hunter is dealing with the dogs, Phoenix picks up a nickel that he had dropped. He then tells her to go home, because walking into town was to far for her. She refuses to listen and tells the hunter that she set out to go to town, and that is where she is going to go. The hunter points his gun at her, and â€Å"she stood straight up and faced him† (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"A Worn Path, paragraph 51). Surprisingly, she was not scared. When he seen she wasn’t nervous, he asked if the gun scared her and she replied â€Å"No, sir, I seen plenty go off closer by, in my day, and for less than what I done,† (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"A Worn Path, paragraph 53). â€Å"A Worn Path† shows the love and devotion that a grandmother has towards her grandchild(ren). It shows how a person can be undaunted by the various problems that they may encounter in there walk through life. It also touches on the racism issue that has plagued Mississippi for several generations. It shows the poverty of the elderly woman. The story describes the elderly woman’s devotion to her grandson in fine detail. Jean Rhys’ birth name was Gwendolyn Rees Williams. Rhys was born in the West Indies, in Roseau, Dominica on August 24, 1890. She completed schooling in England while living with her aunt. She later got married and lived in Europe. She had multiples failed marriages, as well as a son that died at a young age, as well as a daughter. Jean Rhys later died in Exeter, England on May 14, 1979 (Savory, 1998). While attending school in England she was constantly teased because of her accent and because she was considered an outsider. Her parents wanted her to return to the Caribbean and she refused. She worked as a chorus girl using the names Vivienne, Emma, or Ella Gray. During her life she experienced several problems. She had a son that died young, a daughter, and was married three times with none of the marriages going well. Jean Rhys died in Exeter, England on May 14, 1979 (Savory, 1998) Rhys’ writing were supported by a famous English author Ford Maddox Ford. Many of her writings reflected mistreated and helpless females from when she was growing up. She was also dealt with depression and faced many trials and tribulations that contributed to her work. While living in England, Rhys may have dealt with issues of feeling out of place. She was teased and picked on because of her accent. This could have led her to also feel like she is stuck in between two worlds similar to what her character in â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† did. Jean Rhys’ short story, I Used to Live Here Once, was published in 1979. The author uses setting and character throughout the story. The story speaks of a woman visiting her old home. She visits the pond, describing each stone in detail. She then sees children playing and attempts to interact with them, although they do not respond. In the end, the use of characters helps conclude the story, showing the narrators view was from beyond death. When the woman approached the house she felt excited and noticed that some things were missing or were still there just like she remembered when she lived there. She started to feel strange when she noticed a car parked in front of the house (Clugston, 2010). When the woman gets to the house there are two white children playing and she attempts to tell them that she had lived there once. She said hello to the children three times (Clugston, 2010). The children didn’t acknowledge her. In the end, the main question is why the children ignored her. It seems like the woman is a ghost and did not realize it. Jean Rhys did not have a very strong attachment to where she grew up. Dominica was still somewhat important to her throughout her life because she often wrote about it in her work. While she was living in Dominica, she was cut off from the Creole community. Maybe she was writing herself into the story to show how she felt disconnected throughout her life. She was close enough to the children that she could have touched them. She stretched her arms out wanting to touch them. The young boy turned with his gray eyes and looked straight into her eyes. He said, â€Å"hasn’t it gone cold all of a sudden† (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once, Paragraph 8). He suggested to the little girl that they go inside the house and she agreed. When the author mentions â€Å"cold†, this is a clue that the character is dealing with life after death. Many people say, when there is a ghost around, it is cold. As the woman watched the children run over the grass to the house she dropped her arms to her sides. The story ends with the statement â€Å"that was the first time she knew† (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once, Paragraph 11). That statement alone gives the impression that she is either dead and has just realized it and she feels very alienated. Throughout the story, there are several subtle hints that lead the reader to think the woman is dead. The two short stories that were written by Eudora Welty â€Å"A Worn Path† and by Jean Rhys â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† both show the symbolism of a journey through life. Eudora Welty goes into fine detail in describing the elderly woman’s love and devotion for her grandson in â€Å"A Worn Path†. Jean Rhys uses the experiences and feelings that she has had in her life to set the mood in her story â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once†. The two authors use very similar methods in telling their stories. Both women use the experience of a journey as a symbol of their life experience. Throughout these two stories, multiple symbols are used to explain both life and death. In A Worn Path Phoenix is an elderly women who has lived a life of wisdom and experience. Phoenix shows sacrificial love when she faces many obstacles, none of which stop her from doing what she can to help her grandson. However, on the other hand, there is a lot more left unknown in I Used to Live Here Once. The two short stories that are told in third person, deal with death in one way or another. Phoenix faces multiple signs of death throughout her journey into the city. The women in â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† seems to be past death already, and is facing the realization that she is no longer living.

Organizational Background of Asda Supermarket

Organizational Background of Asda Supermarket Personnel administration has many facets including the appraisal procedure for the organization employees bearing in mind their performances. The basic intention of developing a Performance Evaluation System (PES) is to help out each and every employee in recognizing their work capability in the present job. Exquisitely, a good performance appraisal should comprise of a two way feedback among the appraiser and the appraisee. This usually involves a critical assessment of the shortcomings not noted earlier to a point where the main focal point is the developmental need of the employees. The Performance Management System (PMS) is the main cardinal point of all HR functions comprising of planning, training and development, rewards, benefits and compensation, career planning, benefits management etc. in short all employee welfare is dependent on the PMS. Whereas on the contrary there are some problems as well in the implementation of an effective PMS that comprises of lack of feedback non standardized criteria, non confidentiality, personal biases etc. There are other serious factors that possess a threat to HR policy makers when efforts are put into making the existing system change. Problems like too much complicated Evaluation Performa, fear of un-popularity/contradiction, one officer writing 400 to 500 performance appraisal reports every year many of whom he never met and the like are just to mention a few. It is hence necessary for the Human Resource Management to design and enforce a good PMS that makes sure that the evaluation system is fair and trustworthy and that doesnt create unnecessary differences. ORGANIZATIONAL BACKGROUND: The case study of Asda HR department that how do they evaluate and judge its employees will be carried out in form of research on the upcoming months. ASDA is a subsidiary of WALMART (USA) and one of the leading retail stores of UK. In more than 300 stores of Asda there are usually 250-500 plus employees working in different shifts. Asda became a part of Walmart (USA) around more than 10 years ago. It has a strong retention policy which is evident from the fact that more than 170,000 employees work for Asda and out of which around 75,000 approximately have completed their 5 years service which contributes to 20% employee turnover rate annually. All these can be due to the fact that it has a strong friendly policy that includes staff discounts, money off vouchers, plus other benefits. The other key factor that plays an important part in retention is the ability to progress from a colleague to a manager. According to Sarah Dickins the retail people director we do a lot of work listenin g to colleagues to see how we can improve the business and respond to that. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: This research would aim to judge the consequence of performance appraisal means on employees and to determine the connection between the colleagues performance and the process of Performance appraisal. The main focus of the research would be on questions like: Is the current performance evaluation system fair and transparent? Employees satisfaction with the appraisal system. How to link PES with rewards, recognition, training needs assessment, coaching, promotion, placement, succession policy, career planning etc? LITERATURE REVIEW: Every person has its own perception regarding Performance appraisal, their own point of view. But what (Becton, Portis Schraeder 2007) said is it is a method of judging an employee performance related to his job and how efficiently is he in his performance. The conventional way of Performance Appraisal is that once a year the employee meets his rater or appraiser who rates how well is the job performance. As stated by Douglas McGregor in Harvard Business Review article An Uneasy Look at Performance Appraisal (quoted by Richard C. Grote) the goals of an organizations performance appraisal program are designed to meet three needs one for the organization and two for the individual: They provide systematic judgments to back up salary increases, promotions, transfers, and sometimes demotions and terminations. They are means of telling a subordinate how he is doing and suggesting needed changes in his behavior, attitudes, skills or job knowledge, they let him know where he stands with the boss. They are also being increasingly used as basis for the coaching and counseling of the individual by the superior. A common misconception is that the sole purpose of Performance appraisal is to inform employees how their performance has been rated. Thats unfortunate, because a productive performance appraisal can accomplish much more. A productive appraisal, along with reviewing the quality of the employees work, serves as a work session between supervisor and employee in which you take the time and effort to meet with an individual and set new goals and objectives for the coming year. A productive appraisal recognizes that people are an incredibly valuable resource with specific needs and goals. (Paul Falcone, Randi Toler Sachs 2007) Heydel (quoted by Goel 2008) stated that The process of evaluating the performance and qualifications of the employees in terms of the requirements of the job for which he is employed for the purpose of administration including placement, selection for promotions, providing financial rewards and other actions which require different treatment among the members of a group as distinguished from the action affecting all members equally. As stated by Tom Coens, Mary Jenkins (2000) does appraisal work. Due to its inherent design flaws, appraisal produces distorted and unreliable data about their contribution of employees. Consequently, the resulting documentation is not useful for staffing decision and often does not hold up in court. Too often, appraisal destroys human spirit and, in the span of a 30 minute meeting, can transform a vibrant, highly committed employee into a demoralized, indifferent wallflower who reads the want ads on the weekend. With vast majority of organizations repeatedly experiencing disappointing results and problems with appraisal, we wonder why there isnt more discussion about dropping it, rather than trying to fix it. In many organizations performance appraisal systems remain one of the great paradoxes of effective human resource management. On one hand, appraisal systems can provide valuable performance information to a number of critical human resource activities, such as the allocation of rewards, e.g., merit pay, promotions; feedback on the development and assessment of training needs; other human resource systems evaluation, e.g., selection predictors; and performance documentation for legal purposes(Cleveland, Murphy, and Williams, 1989). Appraisal systems seem to offer much potential for enhancing the effectiveness of human resource decisions and for satisfying employees need for performance feedback (Ilgen, Fisher, and Taylor, 1979). On the other hand, there is evidence that appraisal systems are a practical challenge to the academics who often design them and to the managers and employees who must use them. As Banks and Murphy (1985: 335) noted: Organizations continue to express disappoin tment in performance appraisal systems despite advances in appraisal technology. Appraisal reliability and validity still remain major problems in most appraisal systems, and new (and presumably improved) appraisal systems are often met with substantial resistance. In essence, effective performance appraisal in organizations continues to be a compelling but unrealized goal. This negativity is echoed by practitioners in the private and public sectors (George, 1986; Meyer, 1991). It seems fair to conclude that many organizational appraisal systems have failed to realize their full potential contribution to organizational effectiveness. M. Susan Taylor, Kay B. Tracy, Monika K. Renard, J. Kline Harrison, Stephen J. Carroll.Due Process in Performance Appraisal: A Quasi-Experiment in Procedural Justice. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 40, 1995 Performance appraisal has widened as a concept and as a set of practices and in the form of performance management has become part of a more strategic approach to integrating HR activities and business policies. As a result of this, the research on the subject has moved beyond the limited confines of measurement issues and accuracy of performance ratings and has begun to focus more of social and motivational aspects of appraisal. It breaks these down in terms of the nature of appraisal and the context in which it operates. The former is considered in terms of contemporary thinking on the content of appraisal (contextual performance, goal orientation and self awareness) and the process of appraisal (appraiser-appraisee interaction, and multi-source feedback). The discussion of the context of appraisal concentrates on cultural differences and the impact of new technology. In reviewing these emerging areas of research, the article seeks to explore some of the implications for appraisal practice at both organizational and individual levels. (Fletcher C 2001) Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Volume 74,ÂÂ  Number 4, November 2001, pp. 473-487(15). Because of the pivotal role that performance appraisal plays in managing human resources (Cardy Dobbins,1994), there has been a great deal of research conducted to understand appraisals. Murphy and Cleveland (1991) noted that much of this research has focused on such issues as appraisal formats and minimizing bias from raters. One of the issues that they suggested that warrants further attention is the criteria by which appraisal systems are judged. They suggested that one such research area that needs to be addressed is the reactions of the ratees to the appraisal system. Murphy and Cleveland proposed that research should seek to understand how appraisal accuracy affects reactions to the appraisal. Cardy and Dobbins (1994) mirrored this sentiment and argued that such perceptual reactions to the appraisal system are clearly important to the appraisal systems operational effectiveness. Maier (1958) had pointed out that appraises defensiveness is an expected reaction since the manager, in discussing his appraisal of a subordinates performance with the man, is automatically cast in the role of judge and the subordinate becomes the defendant. With their respective roles structured in this way, the natural reaction of the subordinate is to become defensive when criticized and, to the degree that he is defensive rather than constructive, he is less likely to take action necessary to improve his performance. His defensiveness is in effect a denial of responsibility for the short coming cited. To show improvement in the aspect of performance criticized would be negating the validity of the defence. Performance Appraisal Based On Self-Review, Journal Of Personnal Psychology 1968, Volume 21, issue 4, Pg 421-430. Lewis and Rock (1967) stated that whether an organization accepts or denies the usefulness of performance appraisal, whether it adopts a formal appraisal system or not, top management is constantly appraising the performance of its subordinate managers. The latter are doing the same to their subordinates. They are doing because performance appraisal, formal or informal lies at the heart of the art of managing. Good managers do it well; poor managers do it less satisfactory; only bad managers do it not at all. (quoted by S.Mufeed Ahmad). Although feedback is advocated as a means for influencing performance, empirical investigations indicate that the effect of feedback on performance is not uniformly positive. In the proposed model, reactions to feedback, not feedback per se, influence performance. In response to the lack of research on causal mechanisms linking feedback to performance and calls for such research, reactions are proposed to mediate the influence of feedback-related characteristics on performance. Feedback-related characteristics central to models of performance feedback that also corresponded with the three characteristics of the due process model served as antecedents to reactions. Using longitudinal data and previous performance as a control variable, results of structural equation modeling evidenced strong support for the proposed model as antecedents substantially related to ratees reactions, and ratees reactions indeed influenced subsequent performance. Organizations should design appraisal system s in accordance with the due process framework and train managers in conducting feedback discussions. I.M. Jawahar, Group Organization Management August 16, 2010 vol. 35 no. 4 494-526. Recently, performance appraisal researchers have adopted a cognitive approach to analyzing judgment processes in performance appraisal. While this approach allows researchers to tap a wealth of knowledge applicable to the appraisal context, this line of research is likely to widen the already existing gap between research and practice. We argue that coordination of the talents of researchers and practitioners is essential for narrowing the gap. Specifically, we suggest researchers focus their research on the best methods of ensuring use of relevant and valid data in appraisal, given organizational constraints. We also suggest practitioners focus on determining observable and measurable aspects of performance, and thus, specify appropriate appraisal content. We also note that cognitive process research has promise for increasing raters ability to judge accurately, but that this approach does not necessarily address the raters willingness to provide accurate ratings. Cristina G. Banks, Kevin R. Murphy. Towards Narrowing the Research-Practice Gap in Performance Appraisal, Personnel Psychology, Volume 38, Issue 2, pages 335-345, June 1985 As stated by lefkowitz, 2000,the extent to which appraisers like appraise influences their assessment of them and is the same true for peers and subordinates giving ratings in a 360- degree feedback exercise? Unfortunately the answer seems to be YES. There is also evidence that 360-degree feedback assessments are no more immune to ethnic bias than other form of appraisal (Alimo-Metcalfe and Alban-Metcalfe 2003) Clive Fletcher, (2004) Appraisal and Feedback, Making performance review work, (3rd ed) CIPD publication. Self-appraisal also may be used to help employees improve their job performance. Self appraisal may complement supervisory ratings. According to Bassett Meyer, 1968, self-appraisal can serve several distinct functions within an organization. Self-appraisal may be used as additional data points. Because intersource reliability can be considered a precondition for evaluation validity, serious disagreement among sources raises fundamental concerns about evaluation process as a whole further if disagreement between self appraiser and supervisor ratings is not extreme, then self appraisal can be combined with these other evaluations, increasing overall reliability. According to Thornton 1968 self appraisal are used to gather performance information that is either not obtained or impossible to obtain through other channels, and reducing criterion deficiency by including dimensions of performance that are over looked by other evaluation sources. Self-Appraisal in Performance Evaluation: Development versus Evaluation Donald J. Campbell and Cynthia Lee The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Apr., 1988), pp. 302-314. Significance: In context of the above literature we would like to see in our study the relevance of the ongoing appraisal system in ASDA. It is important for the colleagues to receive feedback from employers or managers in a consistent and on going basis. The feedback in performance appraisal is significant in showing what the colleague is doing well at the store or what can be improved. The current method of self-appraisal that is being followed at ASDA is it more effective and is there any biases in feedback from the rater. The thinkers and experts of modern times have grouped the primary users and purposes of evaluation into the following three categories. Information resulting from two-way communication between supervisor and subordinates assisting the former in assessing the motivation, skills, training needs, selection procedures, placements, placements, transfers etc of the latter Motivation which has a direct bearing on the productivity of the employees. Developmental emphasizing through use of appraisal the managements responsibility to counsel and aid employees in realizing their potentials. It is therefore a foregone conclusion that the adoption of a better performance appraisal system is bound to result a remarkable improvement in performance of organizations. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: The research will be based upon the data, which will be collected from the colleagues and managers in ASDA. Data will also be gathered from the Personnel department and the HR manager in ASDA. The colleagues and managers will also be a part of this research in order to provide data for this dissertation. As I am working for ASDA it would not be any big dilemma for me to get the data in completion of my dissertation. I must be able to get as much as primary data as I need through interviews and questionnaire. Collected data will be analyzed certainly on basis of research question and comparison of claims about the process from HR department and response got after conducting research. RESEARCH METHODS: Due to the nature of the research, qualitative and quantitative both methods of research will be followed. If we go in depth into this research, it really has qualitative as well as quantitative concerns. That is the reason why I have decided to have mix of both methods of data analysis. Hypothesis will also be required in this research so those will also made by selecting some variables. Data collection will be primary data or secondary data. Primary data will be collected from the colleagues and managers in form of interviews and questioners. Whereas the secondary data will be collected from journals, annual reports and through internet. DATA ANALYSIS: The analysis will be done on the data being collected in form of manual analysis and through different applications like excel, etc. Qualitative analysis will be used to analyze open-ended questions on the survey. Quantitative analysis will be done for questions in survey using different application to determine strength and weakness of the performance appraisal. A detailed report after the research survey and analysis will be submitted.

Looking At Little Kids Halloween Costumes Religion Essay

Looking At Little Kids Halloween Costumes Religion Essay Kids Halloween Costumes are outfits worn on the end of the month of October, i.e. on a day known as the Halloween. Its a modern day holiday that originated in the  Celtic Pagan  holiday of  Samhain which is during the Christian times, the eve of all saints day. Costumes  are also worn on this festival in an attempt to appease the  Devil.  Dressing up in costumes was prevalent in Scotland and Ireland at Halloween in the nineteenth century and  Costuming became popular for Halloween parties in the US in the early nineteenths. The first mass-produced Halloween costumes appeared in stores in the nineteen thirties, when  trick or treating  became popular in North America. Kids Halloween Costumes are distinguished from costumes of other celebrations because they are often designed to imitate supernatural and scary beings such as those of monsters like ghosts, snakes, witches, skeletons and devils. There are also Kids Halloween Costumes of pop culture figures like presidents, athletes, and television, cartoon and celebrity characters. A popular trend is for the children to use Halloween dresses in order to appear unique and scary so they can draw attention of the people around them. According to the history, Halloween Costumes Parties generally fall on the thirty first of October yearly, particularly on the Friday or the Saturdays. Similarly this very costume is related to kids fun days, like for the birthdays, weddings, movies and so on, as these functions fall on weekends. The most popular Halloween costumes for kids in the year 2009 were Kate  and  Jon  Gosselin from the Jon and Kate plus 8. Today kids Halloween costumes are largely distributed by the JustkidCostumes.com. The company offers a variety of kids Halloween costumes such as kids birthday kits, Spiderman costumes, shoe and even lady bag Costumes. Pirate Costumes: Easiest way of becoming a pirate Pirate Costumes are among the hottest outfits for the kids around the globe. Kids can now dress just like one of their favorite television heroes. Halloween Pirate Costumes are all the rage with both girls and boys of all ages. This is due to the highly entertaining box office hits, such as the Master and Commander by Russell Crowe and the Caribbean by Johnny Depp. These costumes have also popularized due to the discovery of famous ship pirates, including the Whydah and the Queen Annes Revenge. Halloween Pirate Costumes hold a great appeal to all the children. Some Exciting Teen Costume Ideas Teenagers are particularly pretty when it comes to the choice of Halloween Costumes. They like unique, modern and distinguished costumes when compared to the rest. Most of them have come up with ideas for making their costumes. A great teen costume idea can be to design a gift; take a cardboard box, one that would fit the person nicely, it should be above the knees to enable the person to walk properly, make holes for arms and for the head. Then cover the box with the wrapping paper, and finally add bows to dress up the package. Add a bow on the top of the head along with a tag that says Gods gift to men, if the character is a woman. Red Tainted Teeth with Blood, Huge Scary Nails and a Children Halloween Costume Halloweens are generally people with supernatural powers who are generally personified with a film visual or a cartoon series. Children are easy targets and are easily swiped off their feet to look like these supernatural beings. One of the easiest ways to resemble them is by wearing children Halloween costumes which are identical to the ones that they are wearing on screen. A frightful smile, red teeth tainted with blood, the lightening in the eyes and the powers to possess beings are often some of the characters of Halloween. Black is mostly associated with these beings, it being the colour depicting dark and bad. Most of the Halloween costumes that you would probably find in the market are black in colour viz., the Dracula gown, the wolf, or the spirit with white bones painted all over the dress. Children Halloween Costumes are seen during night parties or fancy dress competitions. One of the upcoming costumes in this league is the costume of the joker; a violet colour suit accompanied with the make-up of an ephemeral smile on your face. If we say that only villains dresses could be categorised under this category then we would be making a big mistake. The dress of the batman or superman could also be called a Halloween costume and is much lovable amongst children. Reveal That Extra Skin You Cannot Otherwise with the Cosplay Costumes Cosplay as is indicative of the name means playing with the costumes. Children and playing can never be distinguished from each other. Dressing up like the favourite cartoon character, or another fiction hero from a fairy tale could be just another recreation activity famous amongst the young ones. Be it the costume of the powerful batman, superman or just another character from a movie or games, there are different occasions which ask for such preparations, where people have to be dressed up like others. One of the things that could be understood from such gatherings is that, people want to try and imitate people who are strong, and the other thing can be as all of us are dressed up like different people we dont have monopoly, since nobody is rich or poor, all the birds belong to the same flock. Often such costumes are worn to reveal that extra skin, which could be socially unacceptable otherwise in the real world. Cosplay costumes are not only the clothes but are also accompanied by another props which lend a different statement altogether. A whip, a sword, a gun, or a stick with a star on its further end; which depicts the wishing sticks of an angel. Props are as necessary as are the costumes; some would even use a wig to make an innately different appearance. Black, White or Purple Kids Look Vibrantly Exclusive in the Kids Costumes The utmost happiness that a person can derive is certainly by watching their kids prosper and flourish as ever. These days the happiness is worth the standard of living of the family, which are closely relative to the kids costumes they wear. Be it a costume of a gentleman with a tuxedo and a bow or a dress with a large tail and magic stick in hand depicting an angel, the fancy clothes have always been the kids favourite. Somehow kids try to look like their elders or some fictitious character they just came past by on the television. The birth day parties and the fancy dress competitions have given an impetus for the kids costume industry. We can see most of them dressed like a cartoon hero lets say Popeye; or a person who makes the headlines, for instance, a politician. Children are the building blocks of the future generation and watching them dressed up like grown woman/man gives an undefined pleasure to the heart of the parents. This might be the case of the effluent sector, where parents can afford to buy a costume for their children for every occasion; we must not forget that there are some children who are readily suspended from the bare clothing necessities. Little Devils Covered In Infant Halloween Costumes In the last few years we have seen that infant Halloween costumes have become so popular in our society. We see babies wearing different kind of fascinating costumes on different get-togethers, parties and on major events through out the year. It has even become a tradition that parents want to dress up their children as impressively as they can. Moreover, it has become a status symbol in the society these days. Considering different events, one of the popular events is Halloween. As all people dress up for that particular day, how could one forget their little babies for that day? The most popular way to dress up your baby for the Halloween is to follow the cartoons theme. And thats what the majority of the people do. Lion king, Superman, Cinderella, Snow White, Disney princess and Batman are the most famous costumes among this age. In dressing up their babies, parents do lookup at the fact that their babies feel comfortable and easy in that particular infant Halloween costume and it should be according to seasonal requirements. And it should be easy to open in case of needing to change a baby. Although it looks somewhat expensive but your baby can enjoy it throughout the year where as taking baby for amusement to somewhere only lasts for a limited time. Future Warriors with Katanas and Ninja Costumes Recently, we have noticed that people tend to care a lot about their costumes. People from all age groups have become conscious of their dressing. It has become a tradition to dress impressively for the events throughout the year. It has even become a status symbol in the society these days. One of the major events is the Halloween. Dressing for this event differs across different age groups. Ninja costumes are one of the most popular Halloween costumes every year during Halloween-time Basically ninjas are the staple of popular culture and its fun to dress up in ninja costume for the Halloween. It does throw a scary impact on the other people present. These costumes also differ according to the prices, from a cheaper one to the most expensive one however. Usually teenager boys end up wearing these types of costumes. It has its origin from Japanese culture, and thats what we can see it in cartoons and more specifically the videogames like Shinobi etc. So this event provides a good chance for these videogame fanatics to show their love for that particular character. This particular costume includes black costume, ninja tabbi socks rubber ninja stars. Rest it depends on a person how much he can afford. Desire of Every Child: A Teen Halloween Costume Teenage is that stage of the life when looking cool and gaining others attention is considered vital in ones life. This is more like the party of life. Everybody starts getting freedom from their parents and they do like to engage themselves in fascinating activities. From boys to girls, everybody likes to party hard and become the centre of attention. It is at this phase of life when one goes through different physical and emotional changes and develops special feelings for the opposite sex. So wearing teen Halloween costumes on fancy events seems to have gained momentum now. On Halloween, teenagers have a variety of options to choose from when looking for a teen Halloween costume that is hip and cool, many of which involve a favorite character from a movie, graphic novel or cartoon. They actually want to choose that costume which no one else could wear on a Halloween party. Being unique is the motive of teenagers for getting attention. Usually boys end up wearing scary costumes whereas girls prefer somewhat sexy costumes for that party. Keeping all things aside, one does keep in mind before wearing it that it should be comfortable and easy to wear.

Ideal Woman :: essays research papers fc

Does anybody know what the ideal woman is supposed to look like? Is this woman thin and tall or fat and short? Why are woman judged on how they look and how they dress, but males are not? Why are images of woman everywhere? Why do woman feel that they have to be gorgeous so society can love her? Believe it or not, society plays a big role in people lives. The biggest role it probably plays is how a female should look. For instance, if you look at the television, if you look at movies, and if you look in different magazines covers, most of the woman appears to look thin. Other woman sees this body image and they began to think they need to look like her. Most actresses today are becoming younger and thinner and some of them have an eating disorder in order to stay thin. Trying to keep the Barbie doll image is very dangerous to woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is kind of hard to believe that some of our wants and needs are based on images, the Barbie doll look. According to Olds, 69% of woman said that magazine models influence their idea of the perfect body shape (Olds, 1999). The media send messages that if you are thin and beautiful then you will get whatever you want. According to a study by Health and Welfare Canada (1992), they documented that 37% of females age 11, 42% of females age 13, and 48% of female’s age 15 say they need to lose weight (National Eating Disorders Information Centre, 2000). Most women do not realize this but the media sends woman subliminal messages through television. The average woman sees about 400 to 600 advertisements per day (Dittrich), and by the time she is 17 years old, she has received over 250,000 commercial messages through the media (LaVoie). These messages from the media tells woman in order to be successful you must be attractive and thin, which is not really true. T oday beautiful young and thin woman sees everything. They sell products from alcohol to shoes, you see them everywhere. These messages tell woman that appearance is more important than character and personality. According to the Health Canada (1997), â€Å"In the western culture slim is promoted not only as beautiful, healthy, and sexy but self-disciplined and good. Attractive people are perceived to be kind, interesting, outgoing, and to have a variety of socially desirable character traits. Ideal Woman :: essays research papers fc Does anybody know what the ideal woman is supposed to look like? Is this woman thin and tall or fat and short? Why are woman judged on how they look and how they dress, but males are not? Why are images of woman everywhere? Why do woman feel that they have to be gorgeous so society can love her? Believe it or not, society plays a big role in people lives. The biggest role it probably plays is how a female should look. For instance, if you look at the television, if you look at movies, and if you look in different magazines covers, most of the woman appears to look thin. Other woman sees this body image and they began to think they need to look like her. Most actresses today are becoming younger and thinner and some of them have an eating disorder in order to stay thin. Trying to keep the Barbie doll image is very dangerous to woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is kind of hard to believe that some of our wants and needs are based on images, the Barbie doll look. According to Olds, 69% of woman said that magazine models influence their idea of the perfect body shape (Olds, 1999). The media send messages that if you are thin and beautiful then you will get whatever you want. According to a study by Health and Welfare Canada (1992), they documented that 37% of females age 11, 42% of females age 13, and 48% of female’s age 15 say they need to lose weight (National Eating Disorders Information Centre, 2000). Most women do not realize this but the media sends woman subliminal messages through television. The average woman sees about 400 to 600 advertisements per day (Dittrich), and by the time she is 17 years old, she has received over 250,000 commercial messages through the media (LaVoie). These messages from the media tells woman in order to be successful you must be attractive and thin, which is not really true. T oday beautiful young and thin woman sees everything. They sell products from alcohol to shoes, you see them everywhere. These messages tell woman that appearance is more important than character and personality. According to the Health Canada (1997), â€Å"In the western culture slim is promoted not only as beautiful, healthy, and sexy but self-disciplined and good. Attractive people are perceived to be kind, interesting, outgoing, and to have a variety of socially desirable character traits.

Islam And The Middle East Essay -- Politics Religion

The current state of governance in Middle Eastern countries is one that demonstrates numerous examples of human rights being violated and preposterous actions being taken in the name of Islam, the most widely practiced religion in the region. In light of these instances the question posed is whether or not religious beliefs should be excluded from the consideration of public policy in the area. Despite the current state of affairs in the Middle East, this paper asserts that religious beliefs should not be excluded from the consideration of public policy as this would involve ignoring the undeniable fact that Islam plays a major role in Middle Eastern public life, it would lead to the better protection of ethnic and religious minorities and it would result in development since the objectives of Islam and public policy coincide more often than not. When discussing the role of religion with regards to public policy one cannot help but recall Max Webber’s observation on the subjec t, where he notes a decline of religion especially in the public sphere. This paper will demonstrate the compatibility and importance of religion with public policy by highlighting the wealth of common objectives that the two share, placing a key emphasis on the interdependence of Islam and Middle Eastern life. It will also explore the high-quality treatment extended to minorities in Middle Eastern states while drawing parallels with Western societies and discussing the incompatibility of Islam and the Universal Declaration Of Human Rights. In stating that religion should be detached from public policy the implication is that governments should be secular. This however is not possible in an area such as the Middle East as Muslims not only perceive Islam as a... ...12 November 2010. British Broadcasting Corporation. French scarf ban comes into force. 2 September 2004. Web. 15 November 2010. Esposito, John L., and James P. Piscatori. "Democratization and Islam." The Middle East Journal 45.3 (1991): 427. Proquest Research Library @ Scholars Portal. Web. EuropeNews. Is Islam Compatible With Democracy And Human Rights Part I. 22 June 2009. Web. 18 November 2010. The Islamic Council Of Europe. Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights. 19 September 1981. Web. 12 November 2010. The Organization Of The Islamic Conference. The Cairo Declaration On Human Rights In Islam. Web. 15th November 2010. The United Nations. MINORITY RIGHTS AND THE PREVENTION OF ETHNIC CONFLICTS. By Dr Fernand de Varennes. 22-26 May 2000. Web. 16 November 2010. The United Nations. The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights. Web. 15 November 2010.

Nissan Motor Company Ltd

Nissan motor company is a famous car manufacturing company that is recognized in the manufacture of Nissan type of cares. It is one of the largest car manufacturing companies in the world. Why demand and sales volume for a specific region are important when planning marketing strategies Cost allocation Marketing is a costly affair and as such its planning is quite essential. Some geographical regions demand more of the Nissan Motor cars than others. The essence of marketing is to create awareness of the existence and benefit of any commodity. Demand sales volume is therefore an important phenomenon when marketing as more costs will be allocated to geographical areas with low demand and poor sales volume. For areas when the demand and subsequent sales of the Nissan cars is considerably high, the firm need not pour lot of resources for the purpose of marketing. Demand When an analysis is carried out on demand in terms of classes of customers or age, it will help the organization in knowing the marketing methodologies to apply. If the Nissan cars are mostly used by young people, then marketing will also be done by young people and be carried in a manner to capture the attention of young people. The same applies when it is found out that it is elderly people who demand the cars more oftenly. Then the marketing would have to be strategize in away to accommodate them. Product differentiation Forecasting demand and sales volume provides a useful pattern of purchase by customers. When this is further stratified, it is possible to identify how the sales differed across different products. The same product’s demand might change due to product differentiation. Product packaging will then be strategized in a way to conform with what customers require more. Forecasts on where the industry will go in the future For the past 20 years the sales of Nissan Motor Company have increased by about 20%. This is due to intense auto – advertising campaigns. It is believed that the company will in the near future engulf the entire global market because of the awareness caused through better improved marketing strategies. It has also been forecasted that the industry will in future be the market leaders. Intelligent rationale as to why think this way This is because of extensive and hi – tech marketing. It is also because of the fact that many customers would be reached. Lastly, other companies are likely to be overshadowed by the Nissan Motor Company thus leaving it as almost monopolistic firms. Forecast on how the state of industry will change over the course of the foreseeable future Initially the company advertised its fleet of vehicles through the audio – visual media only i.e. through the radios and television. This was found not to be satisfactory and convincing on the customers. Then came the marketing through the company journals being circulated in offices and other working places for all and sundry to read and understand. The company has also used the web where various websites portray/ give various places of information. It is forecasted that in future the company would embrace â€Å"trade – exhibitions† us its marketing strategy. This involves displaying of their cars openly for the public view. It also allows customers to physically view the vehicles and where marketers more them around the workshops answering their questions in the process. How the changes came about These marketing changes came as a result of a number of factors. These are a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stiff Competition There was need to deviate from the usual marketing strategies being practiced by similar firms in the industry to more sophisticated and relevant ones. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Globalization / free trade The exhibitions especially in other countries have been facilitated due to globalization and free market. Countries now allow other countries to freely market their products in their own motherland and this has enhanced marketing for the Nissan Motor Company. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Need to reach wider market The domestic market is quite insufficient and cannot be therefore relied upon by any organization to improve its sales volume. The need to reach a wider market has therefore led to such an evolution of the marketing industry from just a media exercise to Mega trade exhibitions. d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global demand for product Because of their nature, Nissan cars attract a significant demand. They are efficient in fuel consumption and durable. This makes them highly preferably compared to other makes/ types of cares. This high demand calls for extensive and global advertisement and marketing by the Nissan motor company. Impact of the changes on the industry a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Considerable growth The evolution of the marketing strategies has led to the opening branches and /or selling points for the motor company. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   High profitability The new marketing strategies have led to a tremendous improvement of the company’s profits though the advertising costs have also gone upwards. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reduced competition Other similar firms have failed to fairly compete with the motor company due to its unique strategies Impact on buyers The buyers have maintained their loyalty on the Nissan cars due to the trade exhibitions which offer buyers the opportunity to physically see their products and ask questions. And because of their appreciation of their vehicles, average prices at which the buyers are willing to pay for them has also gone upwards.      

Playa Dorada Upload Essay

Goals of expansion strategy The goal of Douglas Hall, which is currently in charge of creating an expansion strategy for Playa Dorada is to create a new expansion strategy in long term which may be by creating new facilities for people using tennis courts and increase the efficiency of the actual existing tennis courts by modifying or optimizing playing hours or pricing of the courts. Additional to this Hall needs to satisfy all parties existing at Playa Dorada, including the following departments: -Research operations / low investment, easy to manage -Marketing Sales / new tennis club house, lounge and shop -Finance / cash flow and ROI -Development / blending into nature and exotic architecture -Create an expansion strategy quickly -Satisfy all parties Offered adjustments and solutions in the case -Readjust pricing strategies -Build new courts Problem definition internal and external -guest expect to double soon -increasing demand of tennis activities – not being able to keep the upholding trend -land limitation for additional courts -primary: capacity fulfilment and pricing structure -overcrowding can result in decrease of sales in houses -satisfy all parties needs The problem of Playa Dorada internally and externally are the facts that the demand for the tennis courts is growing steadily and intensively. The amount of guest wanting to use the available tennis courts is forecasted to double  the next years. Therefore the existing tennis courts cannot keep up with the raising trend of using tennis facilities at the Playa Dorada beach resort, which can result in unsatisfied guests, because they cannot use the desired tennis facilities during their holidays. Being unsatisfied guests can want to change the resort for holiday in the following holiday seasons because Playa Dorada is overcrowded and desired activities cannot be done. In addition to this the tennis courts are mainly utilized by guests that are visiting the resort for the second and third time. Guest that are at Playa Dorada for the first time usually prefer to use the beach as a major tourist attraction rather then play tennis or golf at the resort. Another issue that exists is the limitation for additional tennis courts. The demand for more tennis facilities could be stilled by building new tennis courts. The problem is that there is only space in order to build only four additional tennis courts which might only help in the short term of stilling the growing demand as forecasts are expecting continuous growth. The efficiency usage of the actual tennis courts is another problem as those usage seems not to be maximized in terms of capacity. The currently existing tennis courts are usually available around 8am in the morning and with the sun going down in the evening. Too many guests are the general issue. Additionally the pricing structure might be resettled in order to still the demand for the available tennis courts. The existing high amount of guests and being overcrowded in some departments at Playa Dorada Inc. can result in a decrease of sales in Playa Dorada’s main profit activity, the sale of villas on the resort. Not dealing with the high demand of guests, and trying to satisfy all needs can result in huge losses and decrease of ROI for Playa Dorada as their villas need a huge investment to be build. This could cause a general existing issue for the whole Playa Dorada Inc. At least there exists the issue of satisfying all parties and departments inside Playa Dorada as long as they do not have the same expectations. All departments have different priorities and Hall needs to identify the most relevant ones and to find compromises for all parties included. Customer Analysis -families with kids -income more than 125000$ a year -9-10 days resort vacations -customer play tennis during morning hours and late afternoon -customers usually play one hour -prefer clay courts -prefer less humidity and good climate The customers of Playa Dorada Inc are in general families with one or two kids with parents that have the average income of 125000$ and belong to higher positions in companies or organizations such as managers. In average those families spend about 9-10 days at the beach resort in spring or winter. According the tennis courts the customers usually prefer to play not more than one hour in the morning around 9-11 am or the late afternoon 4-6 pm which are the preferred and most desired playing hours. The grown up customers which are usually the parents within the families are the main clients for the courts, providing most profitability. Those customers prefer clay courts as they are not as hard as the rubber latex ones. Many clients like to refuse from the rubber latex courts as it might hurt their bones. Company analysis Strengths (Ranked from 1 strong to 6 less important) -brand image well known for quality and in general – brand awareness (2) -many activities in resort as tennis golf and so on (4) -Good location tourist destination for holidays (3) -steadily high increasing demand of facilities and high interest of clients for the Playa Dorada in the last few years (1) -74% of guests well educated (6) -clients with high income (5) PD is already having a strong brand awareness among customers. The resort is known for being a luxurious place for well educated people with a higher then average income. PDs beach resort focuses on this people and creates a community for well educated and high income people. Many guests like the weather and the activities the resort offers and for this reason they buy accommodations or return to the resort in the following years. In addition to this the resort is located in Boca Raton, Florida where the weather is  good during the winter season and American families can travel there quite fast without long flights to tropical and exotic places. Therefore the demand for PDs beach resort is steadily growing what is another strength for the company as it provides temporary safety in visitors and allows to forecast that at least the amount of clients should not decrease in the short term. At least the high income of clients allows higher prices and provides clients which are more willing to spend money during their holiday period. Those clients arrived to spend their money in order to recover and have a nice time at the beach resort. Weaknesses (Ranked from 1 strong to 8 less important) -being unable to deal with increasing demand already (1) -in summer courts are not fully used (4) -no possibility to play at darkness (5) -no courts available during most desired playing hours 9-11 am and 4-6 pm (3) -players playing more than one hour with the usage of discounts, blocking courts for others (6) -fees from maintenance costs of preferred clay courts (7) -fees from maintenance and services for housekeeping (8) -intensive advertising and promotion of tennis activities (2) The weaknesses the resort is facing are big disparities in the amount of clients during summer and winter periods as well as a lack of usage of the tennis courts during the summer period. Secondly the usage of the courts in the winter period is overcrowded what results in unsatisfied clients. The usage of courts is limited, playing in hours of darkness is not possible and the pricing structure for the plays is not actual to the existing demand. Fees of maintaining the houses and clay courts are high. Additionally the marketing strategy of advertising and promoting the tennis courts is not on time anymore as the courts do not have to be advertised anymore. Opportunities (Ranked from 1 big to 6 low) -popularity of tennis is growing in general as trend sports (5) -tourism in Florida steadily growing (4) -continuous increasing demand of PD and growing brand awareness at customers (2) -increasing demand of guest and buyers (1) -automatization of labour providing more efficiency, lower labour costs and higher margins (6) -budget used for advertising tennis courts can be used more efficiently (3) The opportunities of Pc are the fact that the whole tourism industry in Florida is steadily gaining popularity and is continuously growing. Additionally to this the demand of tennis courts is growing as tennis seems to be a trendy sport at this times. When PD will be able to fulfil the needs of customers according attractions in PD a good future for the profit of the organization can be existent. In addition to this margins can be increased by automized labour which can decrease labour costs. At least the budget of advertising the tennis court can be cancelled in order to use the money more efficient in another investment. Threats (Threats ranked from 1 big to 8 low) -overcrowding of facilities (2) -being unable to satisfy clients (1) -falling brand recognition (destruction of PD) and amount of clients (4) -no sales of housing (3) -no ROI (6) -high disparity of guest between summer and winter time (5) -substitutes available outside the resort (8) -continuous advertising might higher demand even more (7) Playa Dorada might have to face many dangerous threats in future, when not dealing with the issue of overcrowding at its sports facilities in the resort. Staying overcrowded and not satisfying customers needs like providing tennis courts might result in a falling brand awareness of PD and a loss in clients. This loss in clients would be highly dangerous because the sporting facilities are mainly used by returning clients to the resort. Clients that spend their first time at the resort prefer spending their free time at the beach rather than do active sports. Without satisfied returning clients sports facilities might be completely unused what would result a big decrease in ROI and increase cost for the whole organization. In addition to this, spoiling its reputation of being a luxury and good place for people to spend their  holidays in would result in a lower demand for clients that might buy housing at the PD beach resort. This would cause a giant loss in the company’s biggest profit department and the huge investment of building houses would not pay off. The existence of the whole PD resort would have been challenged. Another threat PD could face is a bigger disparity of clients during the winter and summer period. With a new investment in new tennis courts the demand in the high season might be filled but in the low season even more facilities might be unused and useless. Therefore it would be questionable if the investment would pay back for the new courts. Without building this new courts in the resort the high demand might shift to other tennis courts outside the beach resort. Clients might be desperate to play tennis and not getting any courts and change to another provider outside the resort that is less problematic. Once the clients have gone and will be satisfied, the possibility that they will come back is rather small. Therefore the loss of clients might be very expensive for the tennis courts department. Recommendations Short term -build lights at existing courts to provide playing at night -avoid discounts at pricing to not encourage people to play longer -higher prices as demand is very high in order to increase profit and ROI and lower the amount of clients -higher prices during rush hours of tennis courts -stop with advertising the tennis courts, advertise other sports facilities as golf In the short term Hall needs to increase the efficiency of the already existing tennis courts. This might happen with the building of lighting at the tennis courts so that some clients that want to play tennis might play it in the hours of darkness. Installing lights is an investment but it does  not take much time compared to building new courts and is rather small. In addition to this all discount strategies have to be cancelled as PD does not want clients to play more than one hour but to increase profits and ROI of the tennis courts already existing. Another issue is that the more clients can play during one day the satisfied the mass will be. In opposite the prices for renting the court for a second hour might be slightly higher. This will make clients not even think about playing another hour just because it is cheaper. Furthermore clients will still be satisfied as they already have played on the courts this special day. If necessary it is possible to advice them to play for a normal price at hours where the courts will not be fully used. Another increase in pricing should be made during rush hours of playing at the tennis courts with the reason that this times (9-11 am and 4-6 pm) are the most popular among clients. Clients that really consists on playing at those hours will be more willing to pay. Finally the advertising for the tennis courts has to stop because the courts are already facing a too high amount of customers in the high season. The marketing strategy may be modified to advertise the courts at low season by for example providing different tournaments or events at the tennis courts (further information see long term strategy). Long term – tournaments and events in low season (tennis courts might be used differently) – build two new tennis courts to answer the demand – you can explain your potential clients that you are reacting to their expectations it might show them that investing in PD beach resort is reasonable – find another facility in the beach resort which needs to be promoted or use the money from advertising for other investments as new tennis courts in new  regions – if still needed after all the actions because of very high demand, build new courts at another locations of the park – if locations might be far away you can provide transport services (golf cars) in order to bring your clients to the new tennis courts As shortly described in the short term strategy, in the low season more clients can be attracted to the usage of the tennis courts by providing different tournaments or events on the ground of the tennis courts such as different games for kids or tennis tournaments. The advertisement of the tennis courts itself has to stop and to be modified in order to not attract too many clients as their expectations cannot be fully satisfied. Advertising should promote another sports activity in the resort that might need more clients or at least promote the events or tennis at the tennis courts in the low season in order to attract customers when they are needed. In addition to this techniques two more tennis courts have to be build in the area that is already provided in order to cover the forecasted raise of clients in the next years. The building of more tennis courts right now is not necessary as it is hard to forecast how pricing, advertising and lightning at the courts described in the short term strategies will influence the demand for tennis courts in the long term. The building of two new tennis courts can be used as a marketing strategy in order to show clients that PD is solving the issue of too many clients at the tennis courts that will create a feeling of safety in potential customers of houses showing them that this is the right place to invest in houses. If there still will be relevant increasing of clients at the tennis courts, new clay courts might have to be build in another location of the PD beach resort. In order to make the new courts attractive to the clients as they might be  far away from the current tennis courts, PD might provide a transport service for clients to drive them to the new tennis courts with for example with small electrical vehicles as golf cars. The transport services might be cheap to not distract clients and just cover the cost of installing the vehicles and maintenance. If the demand for this transport services will be unexpected high it might be turned into a profit activity and expanded through the whole resort.